Eco-Friendly Initiatives in Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Nigeria and South Africa

Abstract

Introduction: Sustainability practices in Africa are increasingly influenced by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies, yet the effectiveness and approach of these frameworks vary significantly across countries. This study offers a comparative review of CSR frameworks in Nigeria and South Africa, focusing on their legislative, institutional, and practical dimensions.

Methods: A qualitative comparative analysis was conducted, drawing on legislative documents, institutional reports, and case studies from Nigeria and South Africa. This review assessed the integration of CSR into business strategies, the strength of regulatory frameworks, and the alignment of CSR initiatives with national development goals.

Results: In Nigeria, CSR is predominantly driven by multinational corporations, especially in the oil sector, with initiatives centred on philanthropy and community development in sectors such as education and health. However, weak regulatory oversight and limited integration of CSR into core business strategies have resulted in inconsistent implementation and modest societal impact. Conversely, South Africa’s CSR landscape is shaped by robust legal mandates, notably the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) Act, which embeds social transformation and poverty reduction into corporate obligations. South African companies are legally required to report on sustainability and stakeholder protection, leading to more systematic and impactful CSR practices closely aligned with national development priorities.

Conclusion: While both countries acknowledge the importance of CSR, South Africa’s legally enforced stakeholder-inclusive approach has yielded more effective and sustainable outcomes. This article recommends that Nigeria strengthen its regulatory frameworks and integrate CSR into its core business strategies to enhance the effectiveness and societal impact of its sustainability practices.