In the Shadows”: Navigating Stigma and Criminalization Experiences of Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Accessing Sexual Reproductive Health Services in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the experiences of men who have sex with men (MSM) when accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in the Bulawayo Central Business District using a qualitative approach. This study sought to examine the challenges faced by MSM, identify mental health support structures, and recommend interventions to improve their livelihoods.

Methods: A case study research design was employed to capture the real lived experiences of MSM, with a sample size of six participants. Intersectionality and queer theories served as guiding theoretical frameworks, and thematic analysis was used to process the findings.

Results: MSM in Bulawayo face daily insurmountable challenges, including barriers to SRH rights, oppressive laws and policies, stigma, homophobia, discrimination, and inadequate homosexual support structures. Disparities between the Constitution of Zimbabwe and the Codification Reform Act were identified as key barriers to addressing these issues.

Conclusion: The study recommends that the government, civil society organisations, and policymakers draft robust laws and policies to protect the rights of sexual minorities.